The analysis assumes a failure point of view and identifies potential modes of failure along with their failure mechanism.

Superalloys constitute a category that straddles the ferrous and nonferrous metals. Some of them are based on iron, whereas others are based on nickel and cobalt.

Schematic illustrations showing various microstructural zones that are typically found in welds made between a generic pure metal (on the right) and a generic alloy (on the left) using a fusion welding process (a) or a non-fusion welding process (b).

In general, thermodynamics is an excellent starting point for many corrosion studies, and potential – pH diagrams are essential tools.

Pure Metals A pure metal solidifi es at a constant temperature equal to its freezing point, which is the same as its melting point. The melting points of pure metal are well known and documented.

XRD is the experimental technique primarily used to determine the geometrical arrangement of the atoms or molecules within matter (crystal structure).

The Rietveld method is a powerful to extracting detailed crystal structural information from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data.

La fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) para la identificación positiva de materiales o (PMI) es una técnica analítica no destructiva bien establecida de la espectroscopia de emisión de rayos X.